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Finance 101: understanding interest rates and why they matter

Learn how interest rates influence loans, savings and investments, and find out why staying informed about interest rates can empower your financial decisions.

Whether you’re planning to buy your dream home, save for a brighter future or simply manage your daily finances, interest rates play a key role. Here’s why they matter when planning your financial future.

What are interest rates?

Interest rates are essentially the cost of borrowing money or the reward for saving it. When you take out a loan, whether it’s for a car, home or business, you’ll pay back the amount borrowed plus an additional percentage per year, known as the interest rate. Conversely, when you save money in a high interest bank account, an interest rate determines the extra money you earn on your savings.

What is the RBA and how do they control interest rates? 

The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) is Australia’s independent central bank. The bank conducts the nation’s monetary policy and issues its currency. The RBA determines the cash rate target, which is a base rate that impacts other interest rates such as mortgage or deposit rates.

Why does the RBA raise or lower rates?

The RBA adjusts the cash rate target to preserve full employment and the economic prosperity and welfare of Australia. The RBA might raise rates to curb inflation when the economy is growing too quickly, as higher rates can help cool down consumer spending and borrowing or investments. On the other hand, the RBA may lower rates to stimulate economic activity during a slowdown. Lower rates make borrowing cheaper and encourage spending and investment, which can help boost employment and economic growth. By adjusting interest rates, the RBA aims to keep inflation within a target range of 2-3% and support the overall health of the Australian economy.

How do banks set interest rates?

The official cash rate isn’t the only factor that influences bank lending rates but it’s one of the most important.

To make money, banks need to lend money out at a higher rate than they borrow – a home loan is riskier than a deposit account (a borrower can default on the mortgage or go bankrupt, whereas deposit accounts are guaranteed by the Australian government), which is why the interest rate you receive on your savings account tends to be lower than the interest rate you pay on your home loan. So an increase in the cost of borrowing money can affect you in different ways, depending on whether you’re a net saver or a borrower.

Why do interest rates matter?

Impact on loans and mortgages

For Aussies looking to buy a home, interest rates are a key factor. A lower interest rate means lower and more affordable monthly repayments (everything else equal), On the flip side, higher rates can increase your costs, affecting your budget significantly.

Savings growth

Interest rates also matter for your savings. Higher interest rates mean more growth for your money over time. If you’re saving for a holiday, a car or retirement, a good interest rate can help you reach your financial goals faster.

Economic influence

Interest rates are a tool used by the RBA to control economic activity. By adjusting rates, the RBA influences inflation, employment and economic growth. Higher rates might slow down borrowing, investing and spending, while lower rates can encourage it.

Why should you care about interest rates?

Personal financial planning

Understanding interest rates helps you make informed decisions about loans and savings. Whether you’re looking to buy a house or save for the future, knowing how rates affect your finances can guide your choices.

Budgeting

Interest rates can change over time, impacting your monthly expenses. Staying informed allows you to adjust your budget accordingly, ensuring you’re prepared for any changes in your financial commitments.

Investment opportunities

Interest rates also affect financial investments. They can influence stock market performance and property values. By keeping an eye on interest rate trends, you can make strategic investment decisions.

Economic awareness

Interest rate movements are a reflection of the economy’s trajectory. By understanding them, you gain insight into broader economic conditions, helping you navigate financial challenges and opportunities.

Source: AMP

Hardik Gupta

Senior Paraplanner

Education: Master of Business Administration (Finance & marketing) & Bachelor of technology (B.tech)

Hardik is a financial professional with an MBA in Finance and extensive expertise in financial planning. As a Senior Paraplanner, he brings a wealth of knowledge and a deep commitment to helping clients achieve their financial goals.

With significant experience in the financial industry, Hardik excels in creating detailed financial plans, performing comprehensive financial analyses, and supporting financial advisors with client portfolio management. His strong background in finance provides him with a robust understanding of market dynamics, investment strategies, and risk management, enabling him to deliver tailored solutions that align with each client’s unique needs.

In his free time, Hardik enjoys spending quality time with his family, biking, playing snooker, and exploring new culinary delights through cooking.

Mayank Manta

Team Leader

Master’s of Commerce & Bachelor of Commerce

Mayank has 8 years experience in the Financial Services industry, with extensive understanding and in-depth knowledge of Financial Planning.

Mayank enjoys systems and numbers, ensuring that every step that needs to be followed gets done and every step that is unnecessary be removed from the process. Being an open, honest and naturally empathetic person, Mayank goes out of his way to ensure that clients, family and friends are happy and content. In his free time, Mayank enjoys spending quality time with my family, creating lasting memories with the people who matter most to him.

Another activity he enjoys is travelling – exploring new places and experiencing different cultures is something that excites him.

Jack Wyer.

Financial Adviser

Bachelor of Business – Major, Financial Planning

Jack Wyer is a Financial Planning Graduate who has recently commenced his Professional Year with Verity Wealth Solutions. With a Bachelor’s Degree in Business, Majoring in Financial Planning, Jack has demonstrated high achievement, receiving merit awards in both 2021 and 2022. Jack’s passion for helping others and his desire to see others succeed financially have been the driving forces behind his chosen career pathway.

Driven by his passion for financial well-being and his innate ability to connect with others, Jack is dedicated on making an impact on the lives of others. Through his expertise, empathy, and commitment, he strives to empower people to achieve their financial goals.

Alongside his financial planning endeavours, Jack finds joy in spending quality time with friends and family and wants to slowly visit new countries along the way. Jack is also an avid Soccer player, actively playing for a local team. When it comes to supporting a team, Jack goes for Tottenham in the English Premier League.

Jack Wyer’s Adviser Profile